Details
Stereochemistry | RACEMIC |
Molecular Formula | C17H19N3 |
Molecular Weight | 265.3529 |
Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 1 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CN1CCN2C(C1)C3=C(CC4=C2N=CC=C4)C=CC=C3
InChI
InChIKey=RONZAEMNMFQXRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C17H19N3/c1-19-9-10-20-16(12-19)15-7-3-2-5-13(15)11-14-6-4-8-18-17(14)20/h2-8,16H,9-12H2,1H3
DescriptionSources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11607047Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including:
http://psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.books.9781585623860.as21#u2014-09-19T084532.264-0400d1e2463
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/020415s023s024.pdf
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11607047
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including:
http://psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.books.9781585623860.as21#u2014-09-19T084532.264-0400d1e2463
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/020415s023s024.pdf
Mirtazapine, originally known as ORG 3770, was first synthesized by the Department of Medicinal Chemistry of NV Organon in the Netherlands (Kaspersen et al. 1989). First approved for use in major depression in the Netherlands in 1994, mirtazapine was introduced in the United States in 1996. The antidepressant mirtazapine has a dual mode of action. It is a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA) that acts by antagonizing the adrenergic alpha2-autoreceptors and alpha2-heteroreceptors as well as by blocking 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors. It enhances, therefore, the release of norepinephrine and 5-HT1A-mediated serotonergic transmission. This dual mode of action may conceivably be responsible for mirtazapine's rapid onset of action.
CNS Activity
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10333981
Curator's Comment: Mirtazapine entered the brain readily
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14726991
Originator
Sources: http://psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.books.9781585623860.as21#u2014-09-19T084532.264-0400d1e2463
Curator's Comment: Kaspersen et al. 1989
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL2095158 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11607047 |
7.0 null [pKi] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2094132 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11607047 |
8.62 null [pKi] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL224 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11607047 |
8.1 null [pKi] |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | REMERON Approved UseREMERON (mirtazapine) Tablets are indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder. The efficacy of REMERON in the treatment of major depressive disorder was established in 6-week controlled trials of outpatients whose diagnoses corresponded most closely to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – 3rd edition (DSM-III) category of major depressive disorder (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY). A major depressive episode (DSM-IV) implies a prominent and relatively persistent (nearly every day for at least 2 weeks) depressed or dysphoric mood that usually interferes with daily functioning, and includes at least 5 of the following 9 symptoms: depressed mood, loss of interest in usual activities, significant change in weight and/or appetite, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation or retardation, increased fatigue, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, slowed thinking or impaired concentration, a suicide attempt, or suicidal ideation. The effectiveness of REMERON in hospitalized depressed patients has not been adequately studied. The efficacy of REMERON in maintaining a response in patients with major depressive disorder for up to 40 weeks following 8 to 12 weeks of initial open-label treatment was demonstrated in a placebo-controlled trial. Nevertheless, the physician who elects to use REMERON for extended periods should periodically re-evaluate the long-term usefulness of the drug for the individual patient (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY). Launch Date1996 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
32.3 μg/L |
15 mg single, oral dose: 15 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
MIRTAZAPINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
345 μg × h/L |
15 mg single, oral dose: 15 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
MIRTAZAPINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
21.2 h |
15 mg single, oral dose: 15 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
MIRTAZAPINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED |
|
30 h |
15 mg single, oral dose: 15 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
MIRTAZAPINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Funbound
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
15% |
15 mg single, oral dose: 15 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
MIRTAZAPINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED |
|
15% |
15 mg single, oral dose: 15 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
MIRTAZAPINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
75 mg single, oral Highest studied dose |
healthy, 18-35 years |
|
15 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 15 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 15 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 55 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 55 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Disc. AE: Angle closure glaucoma... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Angle closure glaucoma (1 patient) Sources: |
15 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 15 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 15 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 453 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Population Size: 453 Sources: |
Disc. AE: Somnolence, Nausea... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Somnolence (10.4%) Sources: Nausea (1.5%) |
15 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 15 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 15 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, children Health Status: unhealthy Condition: major depressive disorde Age Group: children Sex: M+F Sources: |
Other AEs: Suicidal tendency, Suicidal behavior... Other AEs: Suicidal tendency Sources: Suicidal behavior |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Angle closure glaucoma | 1 patient Disc. AE |
15 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 15 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 15 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 55 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 55 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Nausea | 1.5% Disc. AE |
15 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 15 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 15 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 453 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Population Size: 453 Sources: |
Somnolence | 10.4% Disc. AE |
15 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 15 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 15 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 453 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Population Size: 453 Sources: |
Suicidal behavior | 15 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 15 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 15 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, children Health Status: unhealthy Condition: major depressive disorde Age Group: children Sex: M+F Sources: |
|
Suicidal tendency | 15 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 15 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 15 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, children Health Status: unhealthy Condition: major depressive disorde Age Group: children Sex: M+F Sources: |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
weak | ||||
weak | ||||
weak | no (co-administration study) Comment: mirtazapine caused no changes on the pharmacokinetics of paroxetine or amitriptyline Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31587356/ |
|||
yes | ||||
yes |
Drug as victim
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Review of the results from clinical studies on the efficacy, safety and tolerability of mirtazapine for the treatment of patients with major depression. | 1998 Dec |
|
Behavioral and memory improving effects of mirtazapine in rats. | 1999 Nov-Dec |
|
Third-generation antidepressants: do they offer advantages over the SSRIs? | 2001 |
|
Separation anxiety disorder in children and adolescents: epidemiology, diagnosis and management. | 2001 |
|
Evidence of early onset of antidepressant effect in randomized controlled trials. | 2001 |
|
Incidence of sexual dysfunction associated with antidepressant agents: a prospective multicenter study of 1022 outpatients. Spanish Working Group for the Study of Psychotropic-Related Sexual Dysfunction. | 2001 |
|
Mirtazapine for excessive masturbation in an adolescent with autism. | 2001 Aug |
|
An open trial of mirtazapine in menopausal women with depression unresponsive to estrogen replacement therapy. | 2001 Dec |
|
A naturalistic open-label study of mirtazapine in autistic and other pervasive developmental disorders. | 2001 Fall |
|
Screening for detection of new antidepressants, neuroleptics, hypnotics, and their metabolites in urine by GC-MS developed using rat liver microsomes. | 2001 Feb |
|
Treatment of depression in the elderly. | 2001 Feb 1 |
|
Following long-term training with citalopram, both mirtazapine and mianserin block its discriminative stimulus properties in rats. | 2001 Jan |
|
Mirtazepine: heir apparent to amitriptyline? | 2001 Jan-Feb |
|
Drug-drug interaction studies with mirtazapine and carbamazepine in healthy male subjects. | 2001 Jan-Jun |
|
Subclinical pancreatitis related to mirtazapine - a case report. | 2001 Jul |
|
A placebo-controlled, crossover trial of granisetron in SRI-induced sexual dysfunction. | 2001 Jun |
|
Efficacy and safety of mirtazapine in major depressive disorder patients after SSRI treatment failure: an open-label trial. | 2001 Jun |
|
SSRI and mirtazapine in PTSD. | 2001 Mar |
|
Efficacy of mirtazapine add on therapy to haloperidol in the treatment of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. | 2001 Mar |
|
Mitrazapine-associated palinopsia. | 2001 May |
|
Trait anxiety and the effect of a single high dose of diazepam in unipolar depression. | 2001 Nov-Dec |
|
Efficacy of mirtazapine for prevention of depressive relapse: a placebo-controlled double-blind trial of recently remitted high-risk patients. | 2001 Oct |
|
[Pharmacotherapeutical approaches to insomnia patients with cardiac diseases and after heart transplantation]. | 2001 Oct |
|
Permutation-validated principal components analysis of microarray data. | 2002 |
|
Mirtazapine overdose with benign outcome. | 2002 Apr |
|
Serotonin syndrome and atypical antipsychotics. | 2002 Apr |
|
Severe serotonin syndrome induced by mirtazapine monotherapy. | 2002 Apr |
|
Induction of hyperlocomotion in mice exposed to a novel environment by inhibition of serotonin reuptake. A pharmacological characterization of diverse classes of antidepressant agents. | 2002 Apr |
|
Spectrophotometric, spectrofluorimetric, HPLC and CZE determination of mirtazapine in pharmaceutical tablets. | 2002 Apr 15 |
|
Effects of antidepressants in rats trained to discriminate centrally administered isoproterenol. | 2002 Aug |
|
Determination of mirtazapine and its demethyl metabolite in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Application to management of acute intoxication. | 2002 Aug 5 |
|
Intravenous mirtazapine in the treatment of depressed inpatients. | 2002 Feb |
|
Venlafaxine and mirtazapine: different mechanisms of antidepressant action, common opioid-mediated antinociceptive effects--a possible opioid involvement in severe depression? | 2002 Feb-Apr |
|
A survey of prescribing practices in the treatment of depression. | 2002 Jan |
|
A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of antidepressant augmentation with mirtazapine. | 2002 Jan 15 |
|
Mirtazapine, but not fluvoxamine, normalizes the blunted REM sleep response to clonidine in depressed patients: implications for subsensitivity of alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors in depression. | 2002 Jan 31 |
|
Separation of new antidepressants and their metabolites by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. | 2002 Jun 15 |
|
Successful treatment of recurrent brief depression with reboxetine -- a single case analysis. | 2002 Mar |
|
Effect of repeated treatment with mirtazapine on the central alpha1-adrenergic receptors. | 2002 Mar |
|
Heart rate variability as predictor of nonresponse to mirtazapine in panic disorder: a preliminary study. | 2002 Mar |
|
Mirtazapine-induced akathisia. | 2002 Mar 4 |
|
[Tolerability and efficacy of combined antidepressant therapy]. | 2002 Mar-Apr |
|
Dystonia induced by mirtazapine. | 2002 May |
Sample Use Guides
The recommended starting dose for REMERON® (mirtazapine) Tablets is 15 mg/day, administered in a single dose. In the controlled clinical trials establishing the efficacy of REMERON in the treatment of major depressive disorder, the effective dose range was generally 15 to 45 mg/day.
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12655328
0.1 uM mirtazapine affects glucocorticoid receptors expression (U937 cells)
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NBK548216
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1444279
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Mirtazapine
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MIRTAZAPINE
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m7561
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CHEMBL654
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61337-67-5
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A051Q2099Q
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ACTIVE MOIETY
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